Practicum Report Essay Example for Free

Practicum Report Essay I would like to acknowledge  the contributions of the following persons/individuals to the development of my paper/project: My classmates and Friends Who’s been there supporting me; every time that I  got questions about our paper,  I always ask for their advise. I greatly value their friendship and I deeply appreciate their belief in me. My Family None of this would have been possible without the love and patience of my family. My immediate family to whom this dissertation is dedicated to, has been a constant source of love, concern, support and strength all these years. I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to my family. My extended family has aided and encouraged me throughout this endeavor. I warmly appreciate the generosity and understanding of my extended family who’s always giving me my allowance, for me to be able to go to my practicum site. To our practicum adviser, Mr. Romeo Carangian I have been amazingly fortunate to have an adviser who gave me the freedom to explore on my own, and at the same time the guidance to recover when my steps faltered. We had  swapped from  City Garden Suite to Lotus Garden Hoteland our schedule for this time is for morning shift. At firstday of duty  in Kitchen, we felt already the presence of laughterand  enjoyment. Chefs  were  so  naughty  and  they  don’t  take  thework seriously. I mean while cooking they tend to be funny sothat everybody is happy and you won’t fell the tiredness. Forus, who are trainees, we’re only capable to be the assistant ofchef. We prepared food and ingredients needed for breakfast. Westocked  ready-to-used food  in  refrigerator  and  we  even cookedvegetable which used for garnish. How great it was to be withfunny chefs yet we’ve learned things which we could use in thefuture. They  shared  not  only  tips  in  cooking  but  also  itsprocedure. If  for  garnish,  we  are  allowed  to  make  it  becausethey are just simple to follow and prepare. How many times thatI was assigned to cook for the food of employees The other wayfor us to learn also was to take an insight of what the chef iscooking. I’ve known how to make different types of omelet too. Quite sometimes we’re washing used plates though it’s not partof our duty. That was to show our willingness and gratefulnessto work in their establishments.

The Effect Of Television On Children Young People Essay

The Effect Of Television On Children Young People Essay Educators hoped that TV would serve as a window of knowledge for children. They hoped that it would broaden their knowledge by exposing them to various learning experiences, and help them learn about different cultures. Educators thought that TV would play a vital role in preparing preschoolers physically and psychologically for school. In contrast, today the effect of television on children has become a growing concern to many educators due to its effect on childrens behavior, health, and cognitive development and learning. We do not deny the TV holds many benefits to children if used properly and under adequate supervision of adults. Yet, we cannot deny its negative effects of TV. In this article we will talk about the negative effect of TV, and how it affects children, while on the same time mentioning its positive effects. We will first discusses the amount of time children spend in front of their TV sets, We will then move talk about how TV affects childrens behavior, health, cognitive development, and learning. We will also try to highlight the reasons behind children spending extended hours in front of their TV sets. Finally, we will try to suggest some solutions to this issue and how can we mitigate the negative effect of TV on children. The Amount Of Time Children Spend In Front Of Their TV Sets Children in their early developmental stages are very fragile and vulnerable physically and emotionally .they fail to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong and could blindly accept what they see on TV as facts upon which they base their future judgments. Children often like to imitate other and of Ten do so with what they view on TV without being able to identify the consequences of their actions. We need to realize the harm this device could do to children in order to be able to modify the way we view the role TV plays in childrens lives .we need to acknowledge the fact that children view TV more than any other media. We also need to realize that children use TV for fantasy, diversion and instruction. Children who are spending extensive hours in front of their TV sets are shield from the outside world. They fail to interact emotionally with other. A parent may walk in the door after being all day away at work and their daughter or son will not even left their eye to see them or run to them because they are so consumed by watching TV. The younger the children are the more effected they are because they fail to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and learn by observing and imitating. Television has become a major part of our childrens lives .From the time they wake up until the time they fall asleep their tiny little eyes are glued to the television screen. In most of the households TV has taken up the role of a nanny in the house, not mentioning that it has also become a major source of knowledge for children. How many times have we asked kids where did you learn that from? And the answer was from the TV.Zimmerman and Christakis in their research Childrens Television Viewing and Cognitive Outcomes they mention that toddlers at the age of 3 watched TV at an average of 2.2 hours daily. While from ages 3 to 5 years the average increases to 3.3 hours daily. (Zimmerman Christakis, 2005) A shocking article titled TV Hurts Kids Of All Ages, Studies Say on CBS news revealed how early children begin watching TV on regular basses The first study finds that 40 percent of infants are regular TV watchers by the time they are 3 months old. By the time they are 2 years old, 90 percent of children regularly watch TV. In most cases, it doesnt seem to be a matter of parents using the TV as a surrogate babysitter, but rather parents truly believe that shows aimed at tots will somehow expand their minds, language skills and cognitive abilities, the study found. (Johnson, 2007) Violence Behavior Children are often left in front of the TV for extended hours in front of the TV without supervision to view all types of programs regardless of the fact that those programmes do not suit their age groups. Many of these programs are full of violent and aggressive scenes that affect children negatively. It either reinforces aggressive and violent behavior in them, or plants fear into those little hearts. Children who are often subjected to violent behavior tend to form violent behavior .they tend to be hostile and aggressive towards their peers and fail to relate in a social mannar. In Norway, a 5 year old girl was severely harassed by her friends following the viewing of a particular television series. (Lemish, 2007) TV violence could also aggravate fretfulness and dreadfulness in children who are exposed to it. A survey of more than the n 2,000 elementary and middle school children revealed that heavy television viewing was associated with self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. (Wilson, 2008) First before further talking about how TV violence affects childrens behavior lets first define what violent behavior refers to. Violent behavior could be defined as any type of intentional behavior to harm others physically or emotionally which means it could be verbal or physical. (Lemish, 2007) So, where does violent behavior come from? The ground approach in sociology quarrels that children acquire various behaviors by copying authority figures in their lives, through positive reinforcement. Children repeat behaviors that are positively reinforced, and refrain from behaviors that are negatively reinforced. Children may imitate violent behavior they witnessed ages ago, which means they carry in their long term memory.TV in turn, is a rich source of violent behavior. Violent behavior may be found in not only action movies, but also in childrens movies and cartoons. Lets take childrens movies like the HULK or cartoons like Ben Ten and even as basic cartoons like Tom and Jerry .just one look at the chineese animated cartoons like Conon will let you realize the amount of violence on TV. Yet, we do not generalize this issue. There are many educational and other specialized programmes or cartoons for kids. For example: sesame street, teletubbies, or Dora. There is no doubt that educational TV programs have a positive effect .in a landitudal study by Wright et. al (2001) educational viewing (particularly Sesame Street) was related to letter word and number skills, vocabulary, and school readiness for children. (Muarry, 2007). verbal violence is another form of violence in children is widely spreading and the main source for it is TV programs .in her book Children and Television (A Global Perspective) Lemish refers to studies on this issue Studies that measured the frequency and types of various forms of violence on television in various countries have re- affirmed the international scope of this phenomenon (Lemish, 2007) TV violence could also aggravate fearfulness and dreadfulness in children who are exposed to it. Children my for various types of phobias and fears from things they view on TV especially at night this would be most evident in forms of nightmare or fear to sleep alone .This is mostly due to the wide imagination that children posses. A survey of more than the n 2,000 elementary and middle school children revealed that heavy television viewing was associated with self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. (Wilson, 2008) Affects on Health Another effect of television on children is health related. The fact that children sit idle in front of the TV for hour can lead to health issues like obesity. Some studies have pointed that watching TV by children may not cause obesity directly but it indirectly keep children from indulging in other outdoor activities that enhance their metabolism. (Dixon, 2007) .the impact of advertisement on children and their diet is great. Food and beverages advertisements directed to children have constantly been criticized for influencing childrens nutritional choices. We will often find kids watching TV and gulping down packets of chips and popcorn that are full of saturated fats that contribute directly to obisety, malnutration, and mineral deficiency and sometimes anemia. Grossbart eals onand Crosby (1984) found that childrens snack preferences were influenced by the types of food they saw advertised. Children who saw commercials for sugared snacks and cereals were significantly more likely to say they preferred highly sugared products than children who saw public service announcements for wholesome foods or children in a control group. Those who saw a pro-nutrition TV program chose sugared snacks than the control group. Number of studies point out to the relation between obesity among children and extensive viewing of TV .studies referred to the impact of ads on children food preferences. It showed that 98% of the foods advertised are rich in sugar and salts and are viewed by children between ages 2 to 11. (Gonzà ¡lez, 2010) recently many studies link early TV viewing to development of ADD Attention Defect Disorder /ADHD Attention Defect Hyperactive Disorder in children at later stages The study revealed that each hour of television watched per day at ages 1-3 increases the risk of attention problems, such as ADHD, by almost 10 percent at age 7.. (Center, 2004). The affect of advertisement also extends to children being exposed to Alcohol and smoking.They grow up viewing these practices as part of being social and often end up consuming alcohol or smoking by the time they reach adolescence. , Mr. Balls said a study by Alcohol Concern revealed a spike in television drinks advertisements between 4pm and 6pm, when many children watch. (Henry, 2007) Learning and Cognitive Development The most alarming effect amongst all is the effect of television on childrens learning and development. Unfortunately, the effect of TV does not stop at learning; it also effects childrens development making it a major concern for parents and educators. There have been some indications that television further effects childrens language development preference .As children grow their TV habits Change. Childrens mental capabilities, life style, and individual impact TV use as well as the socio-cultural context. The amount of time spent on TV has always been a major concern. Cross-sectional studies show that viewing generally increases during the preschool years and peaks in early adolescence (Muarry, 2007) How often do we find children preferring watching TV then reading? Reading to them is a strenuous monotonous task. TV is a two sided tool on one side it enhances creativity, and on the other it discourages it. There is relationship between performance in school and viewing TV. Research found that spending time watching TV affect the academic grades. Children who had television sets in their bedrooms scored significantly lower on school achievement tests than children without TVs in their bedrooms. Therefore, instead of doing homework or reading the child will replace by watching TV. According to Dr. Senay a studies reveal that teenagers in the age of 14 who view TV for 3 hours a day form problems in their academic achievement ,and in turn are less likely to join collage later (Johnson, 2007) Moreover, TV has an impact on childrens behavior and attitudes. It raises their awareness to the issue of stereotypes raised by the TV. It also directs them towards gender biases in the way women are portrayed. Also pushes them towards developing poor habits like smoking and alcohol .on TV smokers are often successful people, not mentioning that hoe alcohol is a major requirement for socialization and relaxation. (university of michigan health system, 2010) Why Do Parents Allow Their Children To Use TV Abusively? The question that may rise in the readers heads may be why do parents allow their children to do so? Besides what e the parents of infants thinking when they subject them to these entire negative affects! The truth is that parents are not fully aware of the effect of television on their children. Some deliberately place their children in front of TV sets assuming they are stimulating their senses, or other parents who fall for the add gimmicks regarding the educational programs. Dr. Senay advises parents to discourage to exempt toddlers from viewing to. It is more benifitital for children to develop their sensory and motor skills through interaction with parents and their surrounding environments (Johnson, 2007) Solutions .There are many measures that could be taken to reverse the affects of television on children however the most important and first step is spreading awareness. From all information we reviled we found that the main reason why parents allow their kids to view so much TV is due to lack of awareness. Awareness on this issue could be spread on the media itself like CBS did by interviewing Dr.Senay on TV. It could also done by children health care centers by spreading broachers on the topic or holding small workshops at the centers to inform parents on the effects of television on children. There are much parents can do to mitigate the effect of TV on children. The first step parents can take is to control the amount of TV their children view. This could be done by replacing TV with other fun activities that allows kids to stimulate their senses and engage with the outdoor environment. Parents will find their kids growing attached to them and relating to them instead of sitting glued to the TV sets. In Households where childrens rooms have TV set. A wise idea would be to get rid of them. These TV sets will only isolate the kids from the rest of the family .in other words they do more harm than good. However the most important step parents can do is to monitor the childrens use of TV. There are many TV sets which allow parental control. They enable parents to restrict certain content and programmes while also restrict the time. Parents by no means should allow their children to view TV without supervision, or purchase movies or cartoons without them ensuring that it I fit for them to view. There are many measures that could be taken b y governments such as controlling the advertisements that are aired during the time it is supposed that the most viewers are below 18. They could also monitor the content of TV programs and movies for violet and inappropriate content. The governments need to at times take extreme measures with TV channels and broad casts companies that fail to keep their content free of violent unhealthy and harmful content. In conclusion we have reviewed the many affects of TV on children. We talked about the long and extensive hours children spend in front of their TV sets. We then discussed how TV is responsible for violent and aggressive behavior in kids.whe also discussed how it also opens the door for verbal violence in children. It also is a reason for children forming fears and phobias. Furthermore, we moved to illustrate the effects of TV on childrens health. We revealed how many studied showed that TV was responsible for obesity in children because it keeps them from practicing and taking part in other activities, TV totally blocks those children from the outside world. Latter on we shed light on how TV effects childrens cognitive devlopment.TV affects childrens speech and discouraging them foe indulging in important activities like readin.TV simply makes reading look as a boring and monotones activity for children. We also mentioned how some studies link TV to ADD and ADHD. Furthermore we refe rred to studies that extensive viewing of TV lessens childrens eagerness to join collage as adults. Likewise we also showed how TV effected those childrens moral judgment they fail to distinguish right actions from wrong ones simply because media becomes the criteria by which they crate their moral compass. Then we move on the explaining the reasons behind parents allowing their children to use TV abusively. We showed how it all mostly is result of lack of awareness. Finally we suggested some solutions that will help do some damage control on the part of parents. We also mentioned how the government could play a vital role in controlling abusive content from appearing on TV sets. We truly help that we were able to shed light and divert attention to this issue. Were talking about children here as adults we are obligated to make the right choices for them and keep them out of the way of harm.

Global Warming: An Inconvenient Truth :: Global Warming Catastrophe

In 2006, former senator Al Gore created an academy award winning documentary on global warming entitled â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth† . The movie earned several awards including an academy award for best documentary and gore later received a noble peace prize. The movie discussed several different topics of great concern to global warming; such as permafrost, climbs in temperature, extinction of species, drought, and fatigue to name a few. Four writers in five different articles discussed the three topics of greenhouse gases, climate change, and causes of global warming. These writers are writer and scholar Bill McKibben in â€Å"Think Again: Climate Change† and â€Å"How Close to catastrophe†; William J. Broad, writer for the New York Times in â€Å"From a Rapt audience, a call to cool the hype†; writer for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Kevin O’Brien, in â€Å"Global Warming? I won’t be losing any sleep over it†; and Alan Zarembo, sta ff writer for the the Los Angeles Times, in â€Å"Game over on global warming?† All though the articles explain some different topics from one another, only one of them disagree with gore on the causes for global warming being humans, they all agree that there will be impacts to the environment, and all of them believe that greenhouse gases are one of the primary causes for global warming. First, all the articles discussed about who was to blame for the raising temperatures of the planet. The issue may be serious but O’Brien states that is just the media using another topic of interest and throwing it out of proportion. He claims that there is global warming, but the statistics being given are always changing, so the blame game can’t always point a finger at humans. Zarambo explained that humans are the cause of global warming but cannot but no matter what we were to do, even revert to the Stone Age, that global warming will still rise because the waste we have build up can dissolve slowly. On the opposite side, McKibben in â€Å"Think Again: Climate Change† he explains that humans are to blaim because the planet is already struggling to keep itself alive and all the excess heat we generate from CO2 and other waste, we are dooming ourselves to an early grave. In â€Å"How Close to catastrophe† where he explains his own thoughts he explains t hat its not just humans to blame but the citizens of the US.

Social Class in A & P by John Updike :: essays research papers

In the story, â€Å"A&P† by John Updike, the student identifies the differences of social classes between Sammy, a checkout clerk and Queenie, a wealthy girl that visit’s the store. Though not from the same class structure, Sammy is compelled to interact with the girl, however fails in doing so because she is considered privileged. As the student begins his essay, he points out that Sammy is part of the lower class structure. He is an â€Å"eighteen-year-old boy who is working as a checkout clerk in an A&P in a small New England town five miles from the beach† (2191). While working an afternoon shift on Thursday, he notices â€Å"these girls in nothing but bathing suits† (2191) enter the store. It is in this scene that the student begins to identify the differences between the group of girls and Sammy. As the student develops his essay, Sammy begins to compare the girls to other customers in the store. From â€Å"houseslaves in pin curlers† to â€Å"an old party in baggy gray pants† (2192 ), Sammy negatively characterizes customers in contrast to the leader of the girls, Queenie. To Sammy, the girl is someone that is not from their town. She is everything that every girl envies and wants to be. In contrast to Sammy, she will spend her summer vacationing while he spends it working. It is clear to Sammy that their worlds are different, however it is also obvious that he would like to explore hers. The story unfolds when, â€Å"Lengel, the store’s manager† (2191) confronts the girls because they are dressed inappropriately. To Sammy, it is a moment of embarrassment and in defiance he quits his job. The student suggests that in quitting, â€Å"Sammy challenges social inequality and is a person who is trying to

The First-generation Immigrant in America Essay -- Minorities Equality

My grandmother has a certain look in her eyes when something is troubling her: she stares off in a random direction with a wistful, slightly bemused expression on her face, as if she sees something the rest of us can’t see, knows something that we don’t know. It is in these moments, and these moments alone, that she seems distant from us, like a quiet observer watching from afar, her body present but her mind and heart in a place only she can visit. She never says it, but I know, and deep inside, I think they do as well. She wants to be a part of our world. She wants us to be a part of hers. But we don’t belong. Not anymore. Not my brothers—I don’t think they ever did. Maybe I did—once, a long time ago, but I can’t remember anymore. I love my grandmother. She knows that. I know she does, even if I’m never able to convey it adequately to her in words. The scene is always the same: the three of us sitting in a room together, talking. I see her from the corner of my eye, glancing for only a second or two, but always long enough to notice the look on her face, the expression I’ve become so painfully familiar with over the years. I am forced to turn away; the conversation resumes. She is a few feet from us. She hears everything, and understands nothing except what she can gather from the expressions on our faces, the tone of our voices. She pretends not to be bothered, smiling at us and interjecting random questions or comments in Chinese—a language I was raised to speak, a language I’ve slowly forgotten over the years, a language that is now mine only by blood. It is an earnest but usually futile attempt to break through the invisible barrier that separates her from us, and in spite of all her efforts to hide it, that sad, contem... ...weak, when their echoes fade, and in that moment, I will awake to a dark, empty silence. And the silence will be deafening. * La Gringa: Derogatory epithet used to ridicule a Puerto Rican girl who wants to look like a blonde North American. Works Cited Andalzà ºa, Gloria. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.† Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. 2nd ed. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 93-101. Cofer, Judith Ortiz. â€Å"Silent Dancing.† Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. 2nd ed. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 145-51. â€Å"History.† The Latino/a Education Network Service.14 Oct. 2002.. Tan, Amy. â€Å"Mother Tongue.† Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. 2nd ed. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 603-07.

The Formation and Development of the Fujian Tulou

Abstraction Tulou is alone among all ancient residential architecture because of its alone signifier, expansive graduated table, abundant cultural connotation. More and more domestic and foreign bookmans are analyzing Tulou particularly after Tulou became World Cultural Heritage in 2008. Most surveies focused on the Tulou artistic value and cultural value. However this article tries to construe the development of traditional homes from another facet. First, this paper introduces the basic information of Tulou: clip of Tulou visual aspect, architectural image of Tulou and grounds behind the signifier. Second, research in different periods of Chinese historical background including political relations, policies and large events. Try to happen out how these factors influence the formation of Hakka civilization and Tulou edifice. Tulou, as Chinese traditional local-style homes, foremost appeared in 11th century along with Hakka people migrating to Fujian state. Architectural manner and Hakka civilization reached extremum in the terminal of the nineteenth century, so started to worsen in twentieth century. After 2008, Tulou began to reconstruct verve with roar in touristry industry in Fujian. During this whole period, China besides suffered several different historical alterations: the terminal of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China epo ch, World War II period, civil war epoch, 10 old ages of the Great Cultural Revolution in China, the new period of reform and opening-up. So in this essay I will research: 1. Whether the formation and development of Tulou are associated with these historical background? 2. How did these political relations and policies affect Tulou development on architectural and cultural degree? 3. By roll uping and forming elaborate charts and informations which could explicate each large historical events clearly, I could utilize them as my research tools to analyse and come to my ain decisions. Third, the authorities has formulated a series of Tulou protection and renovation policies after it became World Cultural Heritage. The purpose of policies is to recognize protection and renovation of Tulou by developing cultural touristry industry. Taking Er & A ; apos ; yi Tulou for illustration, I will detailed explicate what alterations happened to it because of these protection policies. Cardinal words:Tulou, World Cultural Heritage, Traditional homes, Politicss, Policy Contentss Chapter 1: Introduction— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -1 1.1 Background and motive — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 1.2 Research end — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -1 1.3 Literature reappraisal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 Chapter2:Rheniumhunt on The formation of Tulou— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 2.1 The clip of Tulou formation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 2.2 The topographic point of Tulou formation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -3 2.3 Tulou formation of ground — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -3 Chapter3: Research on Thedevelopmentof theThymineuloufrom from 1900 to 1949— — — — -5 3.1 the status of Tulou from 1900 to 1949 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5 3.2 the societal and historical background from 1900 to 1949 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -6 3.3 Analyze on Tulou development harmonizing to historical and societal background — — — — – -11 Chapter4:Research on Thedevelopmentof Tuloufrom from 1949 to 2008— — — — — — -13 4.1 the status of Tulou from 1949 to 2008 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13 4.2 the societal and historical background from 1949 to 2008 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -13 4.3 Analyze on Tulou development harmonizing to Chinese political policy from 1949 to 2008 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17 Chapter 5: Research on Theprotection and renovationofThymineuloufrom 2008 until now— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -20 5.1 policy of heritages protection in China and development scheme of Fujian Tulou touristry — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -20 5.2 Development of Tulou Building Heritage — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -22 5.3 Factors act uponing the development of Tulou touristry — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 32 Chapter 6: Conclustion— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 36 Bibliographies:— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -37 Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background and motive Fujian Tulou is the alone local-style home house. It has been hailed as an alone big rammed earth home in the universe. Tulou caused the roar of academic treatment particularly after it became World Cultural Heritage Heritage. Tulou is deserving researching non merely because its alone signifier, particular layout among mountains but besides because it represents civilization of Hakka people. Now research on aesthetic value and architectural value has been already really deep. At the same clip China has ne'er been a state deficiency of history. Since the visual aspect of Tulou until now, China has experienced vagaries of historical events and wholly different manners of policies such as National Protection Movement, Warlords Wars, World War II, Great Leap Forward, Great Cultural Revolution, the reform and opening-up policy†¦ All these policies and events have great influence on our state. So what I want to analyse is that how these historical events and policies could influent t he development of traditional homes and are at that place any particular marks left on all these homes belonged to history. At the same clip more and more heritages became World Cultural Heritage in China. In the facet of touristry development and heritage protection, heritage touristry industry could be a chief manner to protect cultural heritage, set up regional ecology and cultural environment, advance local economic system. I choose Fujian Tulou, local homes as the object of survey chiefly sing the particular dependant relationship between Tulou edifice and Hakka people. Try to explicate the procedure of Tulou development harmonizing to historical events and policies so find a manner that could fit Tulou touristry development and sustainable development. 1.2 Research end The intent of this paper is to analyze the relationship between different policies of China, historical background of China and the whole procedure of Tulou development as typical local home house. Discuss are at that place any other factors could hold a important impact on the signifier and the destiny of heritage edifices except design itself. Even in the procedure of heritage protection and renovation, which factors have the most influence. On the one manus so far domestic research of historical heritage protection and renovation chiefly concentrate on celebrated traditional brooding edifice such as Beijing Hutong, quadrangle courtyard†¦ So I choose Fujian Tulou as my object of survey in order to rich historical relics empirical instances. On the other manus, research of Tulou chiefly focus on construction, local civilization of Tulou. There are few research documents of Tulou edifices on policy, political relations, historical background facets. Tourism industry of historica l heritage could be a manner to protect and redevelop Tulou edifice. So this subject could besides rich the content of Tulou research. 1.3Literature reappraisal This thesis is written utilizing three series of research tools. The first series is that about modern history of China and Chinese architecture history. These books includes & A ; apos ; From the opium war to the may 4th motion & A ; apos ; by Hu Sheng which elaborates on the full development of China in that period. & A ; apos ; Modern History of China & A ; apos ; by Lin Zengping which I used particularly for composing chapter two about large events happened during that epoch. & A ; apos ; the turbulent times & A ; apos ; by Wang Nianyi which I used for chapter three to explicate influence of the Great Cultural Revolution. & A ; apos ; Chinese Architecture History & A ; apos ; by Liang Sicheng which helps me better understand traditional homes. The 2nd series of books are all that about Tulou. The book I used particularly for debut and chapter two was & A ; apos ; Fujian Tulou & A ; apos ; by Huang Hanmin which introduced history of Fujian Tulou in item. & A ; apos ; The Living Style Chang of Eryi Tower in Hua & A ; apos ; an Country & A ; apos ; by Yang Lin was besides used for an instance survey of Tulou protection and renovation. The 3rd series of research tools I used the most. These are many maps in different epochs, charts and informations of large historical events. These resources include maps of warlords distribution, charts of Tulou distribution, charts of Fujian development status after the reform and opening-up policy, traffic maps of Fujian and Yongding state which is celebrated for Tulou in 1990,1999,2014, maps of tourer propaganda of Tulou. All these information can be used as my research tool to analyse the status of Tulou and background of society seeking to happen out deep relationship between homes and policies. Chapter2:Rheniumhunt on The formation of Tulou 2.1 The clip of Tulou formation It is a common stating that Tulou foremost appeared in 11centuries. However there is no evidents ( historical paperss, bing edifices ) to turn out this guess. Harmonizing to the historical papers called household tree of Guo, the first Tulou edifice was constructed in 1371 which is validated by historical experts and the bing oldest Tulou was in Hua & A ; apos ; an state now called Qiyun Tulou which was recorded on the plaque in the edifice. [ 1 ] From fourteenth century, Hakka people had been modifying Tulou to do it more and more suited for people populating together harmonizing to natural environment, stuffs and societal background. 2.2 The topographic point of Tulou formation Most of Tulou edifices are located in Yong Ding City harmonizing to informations and literatures. [ 2 ] Since Chinese economic system chiefly depended on agribusiness at that clip, small low and smooth lands could be used as Big Dippers because there are many mountains in this country. Peoples had to utilize as less countries as possible to make more living infinites. Hakka people chose to populate in large household groups and construct higher edifices than traditional houses. ( At that clip, traditional houses were merely two-story such as quadrilaterals, cave homes†¦ but Tulou was more than four-story. ) [ 3 ] 2.3 Tulou formationof ground Tulou is celebrated for its alone roundness signifier. Shigeki Keiichiro, Nipponese designer marveled at Tulou, said: It looks like UFO landed in the mountains. So we can see the roundness signifier is the chiefly individuality of Tulou. However, why Hakka people designed it as rotundity is ever questioned by tourers. The common position is that the demand of defense mechanism map. However there & A ; apos ; s a batch of historical edifices in the universe hadn & A ; apos ; t been designed in roundness signifier but they besides had perfect defensive consequence and survived until now. Another position is that Chinese traditional civilization & A ; apos ; round Eden and square Earth & A ; apos ; influenced Tulou signifier. But it is besides flimsy, quadrilaterals, cave homes, Yunnan Yikeyin†¦ they are non in roundness signifier but all derived from Chinese traditional civilization. So after comparing the square constructing with rotundity edifice, There are several advantages of unit of ammunition edifice: 1. corner suites in square edifice have no daytime and are disturbed by stepss, no corner suites in unit of ammunition edifice. 2. no differences between each unit in unit of ammunition edifice, it is easy for equal distribution. 3. wood constituents in unit of ammunition edifice are more incorporate. 4. building method of roof in unit of ammunition edifice is much easier than square edifice. 5. unit of ammunition edifice has better temblor immune behaviour than square edifice. 6. circular edifices fit the form of mountains really good, so they have broader position for supporting. They are non merely easy for building besides save stuffs ( stuffs in the mountains are rather cherished ) .Local people made decisions from practical work. That & A ; apos ; s why they chose unit of ammunition edifice as their place. [ 4 ] However, it is an evolutive procedure from square edifices to round edifices that construction and maps tended to be sensible. Survey of Y ong Ding metropolis besides proved that square Tulou edifices came out foremost, so after about 1 century Hakka people started to construct unit of ammunition Tulou edifice. [ 5 ] So we can see at that place & A ; apos ; s no uncertainty that unit of ammunition Tulou edifices were really likely to be the continuance of Tulou development.

Dietary Manipulation For Arthritis

A rheumatic disease, or what is commonly called as arthritis is the inflammation of the joints and also affects the skeletal muscles, bones, ligaments, cartilages and tendons for both males and females (Smeltzer & Bare).The goals and strategies involved in the treatment of the disease consists of suppressing the inflammation and the autoimmune response of the patient through pharmacologic therapy, controlling the patient’s pain by joint protection and easing pain with splint use, thermal modalities and relaxation techniques, and maintenance or improvement of the joint’s mobility through the implementation of exercise programs for joint motion and strengthening the muscles and the patient’s overall health (Smeltzer & Bare).In addition, other goals and strategies include the maintenance or improvement of the patient’s functional status through utilization of adaptive techniques and devices, increasing the patient’s knowledge of the disease process by providing and reinforcing patient teaching, and promotion of self-management by the patient’s compatibility with the therapeutic regimen by emphasizing this compatibility (Smeltzer & Bare). Pharmacologic treatment for patients with this disease includes medications like salicylates, NSAIDS, and disease – modifying antirheumatic drugs (Kee, Hayes, and McCuistion).However, given that the patient does not want to take any pharmacologic measures, dietary manipulation will be utilized and this involves the exclusion of food items in the diet and the intake of specific minerals. However, dietary manipulation is not greatly acknowledged as one of the therapeutic management for arthritis, mainly because there are no enough researches that can prove its efficiency (Rayman and Pattison). However, some research show that around 30% to 40% of the rheumatoid patients can benefit from excluding foods individually identified during the reintroduction phase of an elimination diet.Albe it it might be mentioned in passing during a nurse’s health teaching on which food items to avoid, which to eat in moderation, and which to eat in great amounts, there is no wide acceptance of this strategy yet (Rayman and Pattison). Several therapeutic diets are available for use by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The exclusion diet, the elemental diet, the fasting and vegan diet, and the Mediterranean diet, are among them.The exclusion diet is based on the evidence that the removal of certain food items in the patient’s diet can benefit the patient as evidenced by 36% of the patients claimed that they were much better after the food exclusions and 39% asserted feeling better, after the study that was conducted (Rayman and Pattison). These were supported with objective measurements that showed a decrease in pain and in the number of painful joints, a reduction in morning stiffness, a decrease in the time it took to walk 20 yards, improvement in grip strength, amon g many others (Rayman and Pattison).Some of the food items that cause worse symptoms are corn, wheat, bacon or pork, oranges, milk, eggs, and beef (Rayman and Pattison). The elemental diet requires the intake of monosaccharide and disaccharides, amino acids, and medium-chain triglycerides, with the addition of vitamin and mineral supplements (Rayman and Pattison). This diet has shown to stimulate enhancements in the subjective measures of arthritis symptoms and it was asserted that when weaned from the diet the usual symptoms return. However, the effectiveness of the diet is surpassed by the poor tolerance of the patients.The fasting and the vegan diet seems to have an anti-inflammatory effect and offers relief of pain during fasting and the presence of pain when eating is resumed (Rayman and Pattison). Hence, fasting is followed by a vegan diet as an alternative. The ‘Mediterranean diet’ is named as such because it reflects the certain patterns of eating that is employ ed by countries in the Mediterranean basin and it is comprised of plant foods like fruits, vegetables, wholegrain cereals, fish and poultry with the olive oil as the main source of lipid (Rayman and Pattison).Several reasons can explain why these diets can help alleviate symptoms in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The food items that are to be eliminated are those in which the patient is allergic or intolerant to and can reduce IgG antibody levels and moreover, reduction in food intake can help decrease gastrointestinal permeability to bacteria and other antigens (Rayman and Pattison). In addition, the change in the gut’s flora and the exclusion of lectins in legumes can also help alleviate the symptoms.The 50 year old patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis can be given one of the aforementioned dietary manipulations if she chooses not to take anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive medication. The diet that can best fit her would be the fasting or vegan diet because o f its anti-inflammatory effect that can serve as an alternative to the drugs that the patient is not taking. The patient would be advised to fast and to follow fasting by a pure vegetarian diet.This diet is to exclude all kinds of meat which includes fish and chicken meat, and all other products that are made from animals, like eggs, cheese, milk, and honey (Kovacs). It is first best to inform that patient of all the other dietary manipulations that are available for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and justify the selection chosen for the patient and how this will help alleviate her symptoms and can somehow be an alternate to taking drugs. However, the patient should be notified of the possible side effects of this diet and the consequences of not taking the recommended drugs to her illness.Given her vegan diet, it is still needed that the patient consume and have a balanced diet. The patient should be given a diet plan which consists of the proper balance of protein, carbohydrat es, fruits and vegetables. The most common vegan food that can be utilized for the patient’s diet are tofu, black-eyed peas, broccoli, soy yogurt or milk, Spinach and whole wheat bread, among many others (Kovacs). These can supply the adequate protein needs of the patient and hence, she can still receive a balanced diet in spite of having utilized the vegetarian diet.